marx200
marx200
The Marxism of the Second International (1889–1814/1918)
This period comprises the debates conducted during the first decades following Marx's death. These debates were already characterised by intense and open arguments on the "correct" interpretation of his theories and on how to practically implement his critique of society. Its most well-known exponents were typically both recognised theorists and political activists.
marx200
Early Socialism; Theories and Debates during the Lifetimes of Marx and Engels (prior to and around 1848)
"Early socialism" refers to utopian, democratic, humanist and early anarchist ideas, most of which were discussed prior to the publication of Marx's writings on the critique of political economy, and prior to the formation of the major socialist organisations and associations. In some cases, they precede the revolutionary year of 1848 and the defeats that followed it.
marx200
Classical Marxism
The theories and debates considered to be "classical Marxism" are those that were already being discussed during the lifetimes of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, in the period of early socialism and within the socialist labour movement, particularly within its organisations and political parties. The term "classical Marxism" is used here to specify a certain temporal and logical field; it does not reflect a value judgement.
marx200
Theories and Debates following Marx
The "following" in "Theories and Debates following Marx" does not refer only, and in a purely chronological sense, to the worldwide development that followed upon Marx's critique. It also points to a thematic development that takes Marx's critique as its starting point and has had to re-invent itself repeatedly, and to this day, be it as critique of religion or philosophy, of economics or politics, or as a comprehensive critique of bourgeois-capitalist society.
marx200
Marxism? Think one, two, many Marxes …
"All I know is that I am not a Marxist," Karl Marx is reported to have said. He made this much quoted remark with a nod to the Marxist current developing in France at the time. We do not know what exactly Marx was distancing himself from. What is certain, however, is he could not have anticipated one thing: the extent to which, following his death, in his name, though in the form of an "ism," one of the most influential intellectual currents and political movements would spread across the entire globe – Marxism.
marx200
Parties and movements following Marx
"Theories and debates following Marx" provides an overview of a number of currents in social critique linked to the ideas of Karl Marx. It is, of course, very difficult to separate these currents from organised political praxis: even when Marx bade “farewell” to the Young Hegelians, he continued to refer to the group in his work and to the proletariat, in particular.
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